WebFeb 15, 2024 · Gymnodimine D (GYM D), 16-desmethyl gymnodimine D (16-desmethyl GYM D), and two tetrodotoxin analogues have been found in invertebrates obtained from the north Atlantic coast of Spain from May 2024 to October 2024. It is the first report of GYMD and 16-desmethyl GYM D in invertebrates worldwide and of the tetrodotoxin analogues, 5,6,11 … Webto mice, leading to the classification of pinnatoxins into the class of “fast-acting toxins”, its hazard for human health has never been demonstrated. In this study, crude extracts of V. rugosum exhibited significant cytotoxicity against Neuro2A and KB cells. IC 50 values of
First evidence that emerging pinnatoxin-G, a contaminant of
WebJul 14, 2015 · Pinnatoxins are members of the cyclic imine group of marine phycotoxins that are highly toxic in in vivo rodent bioassays, causing rapid death due to respiratory … Pinnatoxins are paralytic chemical compounds that inhibit neuronal and muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Although first discovered in shellfish, they are produced by the peridinoid dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum. Eight subtypes, designated pinnatoxin A-H, have been described. See more Pinnatoxins are neurotoxins named after the genus Pinna, a group of bivalve molluscs, in reference to their original isolation from members of the group, Pinna attenuata and later Pinna muricata. The causative organism … See more Pinnatoxins are part of the cyclic imine group of marine toxins. This group currently consists of pinnatoxins, pteriatoxins, spirolides, gymnodimines, spiro … See more Pinnatoxins are potent inhibitors of neuronal and muscle type nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). They block the nAChR … See more Pinnatoxin A, G, E and F display a high-affinity antagonism for the neuronal α7 and muscle α12βϒδ nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The affinity of pinnatoxins for … See more As of today, no pinnatoxin or cyclic imine has been linked to human poisoning. The toxic effects of pinnatoxin E-H have, however, been … See more the hayloft littlethorpe
天然药物化学史话：海洋毒素_参考网
WebJan 31, 2024 · Lipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by phytoplanktonic species. They accumulate in filter-feeding shellfish and can cause human intoxication. Regulatory limits have been set for individual toxins, and the toxicological features are well characterized for some of them. However, phycotoxin contamination is … WebJun 7, 2010 · Recently PnTXs were identified for the first time in shellfish in Europe but PtTXs have not been detected. There are no regulatory limits for CIs in shellfish. The … WebNov 9, 2011 · Short Communication Production of pinnatoxins E, F and G by scrippsielloid dinoflagellates isolated from Franklin Harbour, South Australia L Rhodes , K Smith , A Selwood , P McNabb , S Molenaar , R Munday , show all Pages 703-709 Received 11 Jan 2011, Accepted 04 May 2011, Published online: 14 Jul 2011 Download citation the hayloft garden centre